This paper will also present a case study that compares the use of VSEP and the conventional thermal zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process from the cost and engineering perspective....

This paper presents important findings from an AwwaRF-funded research project. The focus of this paper is on the Energy consumption (EC) by ultrafiltration membranes (UF), groundwater reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane bioreactors (MBR). Each of these processes will be tied to water quality variations, various operating condition, and treatment req...

Sustainable Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) operation achieved in five steps. 1. Membrane selection. 2. Proper procure document. 3. Conservative system design. 4. Proper installation and startup. 5. Proactive operation and performance monitoring....

This presentation describes the path taken from pilot plant options (vendor driven, owner driven) thriough interpretation of pilot plant data. It further vdescribes the application of the pilot plant data to development of the membrane filtration equipment specifications, and discusses warranty considerations....

This PowerPoint outlines various considerations for Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration systems Procurement, Design and Operation...

The benefits of pilot testing low pressure membrane systems is presented. Although often required by regulatory agencies, pilot testing is offered as a means of confirming system effectiveness to treat challenging waters, a means to evaluate equipment options and lastly a beneficial way to provide operational experience. Presentation illustrates ho...

This presentation from a preconference workshop in 2014 for Back to Basics on membrane technology discusses low pressure pilot plants and testing. Why to pilot, when to pilot, what to track and how to interpret the results are all given....

Presents issues aroudn membrane operation, hydraulic data analysis, and factors which impact membrane ageing...

Since the first wave of adaptation of membranes in drinking water industry in early 1990?s, thousands of membrane plants have been constructed around the world. While membrane manufacturers have been relentlessly advancing the technology and the engineering community continuously improving the design of WTP facilities, severe membrane fouling and e...

The main focus of this paper is to address several potential design pitfalls as well as other issues during construction and startup that could affect the performance and operatability of a membrane plant. Detail description of how to select an appropriate membrane permeability during the design and how to properly manage membrane fouling will als...

As the global water community is experiencing an intensified deficit in fresh water resources, developing seawater desalination infrastructure has become a necessity for many regions. Over the decades, technology advancements have made seawater desalination a reality, however high energy demand remains an issue, both in terms of operating cost and ...

The United States constructed the San Luis Unit to provide irrigation in central California with the 1960 San Luis Act. Subsequent court orders mandated that agricultural drainage service be provided to the farms that were supplied irrigation under the San Luis Act. The impacts to waterfowl and other aquatic species that manifested in 1985 at Keste...

This paper provides detail descriptions of strategies and techniques that are used to maximize RO recovery for a water source with very high scaling potential. RO recovery maximization is critical for downstream Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) operation due to extremely high costs associated with ZLD. Planning level of cost estimations for the membrane...

Turbidity has been a key parameter for monitoring filtered water quality due to its simplicity and reproducibility. Conventional filters integrity has historically been regulated based on the effluent turbidity unlike membranes which has been regulated based on direct integrity testing such as the pressure decay testing. These direct integrity test...

This paper provides details on lessons learned from a membrane condition assessment for 3 major UF membrane facilities owned by Region of Peel, Canada. In addition to typical membrane autopsy analyses with SEM and EDX, this paper details the results from advanced testing with SEI analysis, fiber tensile strength testing comparing new and old fibers...