Polyamide membranes are subject to deterioration by the chlorine added to the feed water. A more robust membrane would theoretically tolerate higher concentrations of chlorine without chemical damage. The current polyamide thin film membrane is made by an interfacial reaction between the reactant pair trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and mphenylenediamine ...

This presentation will provide an update on the last four years of research funded by Reclamation on produced water technologies. Each technology has varying positive and negative aspects with respect to chemical requirements, energy requirements, footprint, cost, and removal capability. General information is included on a number of categories of...