Dual-Membrane Feasibility for Multi-Contaminant Removal at a Large-Capacity Inland Surface Water Treatment Plant

This paper discusses the treatment goals for an example large-capacity inland water treatment plant, alternative treatment processes for multiple contaminant removal, and selection, including dual-membrane processes [microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment for reverse osmosis (RO)] and several non-membrane processes, including activated carbon, and ion exchange.