High recovery systems are a trending topic in the water treatment industry. Recent applications show the new targeted recoveries to be 85% or higher. Broad spectrum antiscalants work well with conventional RO designs and recoveries (typically 85% or less). However, high recovery RO’s require special consideration to an antiscalant selection that focuses on the control of a specific limiting salt, depending on feedwater composition. Operational issues and system design considerations must be accounted for when determining the maximum and optimum recovery of a system. This presentation focuses on the chemical advancements and solutions that have been developed for high recovery systems with an emphasis on best RO operation practices.