Comparison of Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis in Terms of Water Quality and Operational Performance for Treating Recycled Water

Paper compares pilot performance of NF and ultra low pressure RO (ULPRO) membranes in terms of rejection (TOC, and nutrients (NH3 and NO3-), conductivity, and selected trace organics), as well as operational performance (specific flux, and flux decline due to fouling) while treating nitrified and non-nitrified municipal effluent with an Integrated Membrane System (IMS) for water reclamation.