Low Energy, External Membranes Simplify Plant Upgrades to Membrane Bioreactor Process

The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate that there is new technology available which uses two-phase flow to provide a cost-effective and proven way to apply external,
tubular membranes to retrofitting existing plants to membrane bioreactors. Using a simple airlift to sustain the cross flow velocity and turbulence required, membrane flux
and permeability can be maintained while significantly reducing the pumping energy required with traditional cross flow systems.