Assisted Reverse Electrodialysis: A Novel Technique To Decrease Reverse Osmosis Energy Demand

This paper discusses Assisted reverse electrodialysis (ARED) as a pre-desalination technique for seawater reverse osmosis (RO) for drinking water production. ARED is comparable to an additional applied pressure along the osmotic pressure in pressure assisted osmosis; a small voltage is applied in the same direction as the open cell voltage to increase the desalination speed compared to reverse electrodialysis (RED).