END?: Managing Energy and Scale Formation at High Recovery

High recovery desalination is challenged by scale formation, energy consumption, and cost. The fundamentals of electrodialysis reversal make it uniquely suited to overcome membrane scaling at high recovery due its ability to pass silica through the system without concentrating and built-in membrane cleaning with polarity reversal for other scalants such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. MI Systems? END? transforms traditional electrodialysis reversal to combine robust operation with low energy consumption at competitive costs.