Removal of Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Suspension via Coagulation Integrated with Membrane Filtration

Increased use of engineerd nanomaterials (ENMs) will result in a corresponding increas in surface waters. This study evaluates chemical pretreatment followed by sedimentations and membrane filtration for optimum removal performance. A variety of chemical coagulants were evaluated at different pH levels to identify maximum removal of the ENMs.