Synergistic Use of Ion Exchange and RO Technologies in Multi-Contaminant Removal Applications in Drinking Water

Paper explored the use of cyclic ion exchange to reduce reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate volumes produced in the treatment process. Report suggests that the ion exchange softening of the RO feed water allows for higher recovery rates by minimizing the potential for membrane scaling. Potential reductions in concentrate volume of 5-10% are noted.

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