Various Wastewater Recycling Methods Using Submerged Membrane Systems

This paper explores three different membrane-based processes for the treatment of domestic wastewater tertiary filtration from conventional activated sludge (CAS), immersed membrane activated sludge (IMAS), and a fixed film bioreactor followed by membranes. All three membrane processes utilize a submerged, spiral wound membrane system. The unique characteristics of the spiral wound membrane design allow for improved performance and cost reductions over existing hollow fiber formats.