Water Softening with Ultrafiltration for Surface Waters: Keys to Successful Membrane Piloting

Project 7 Water Authority (P7WA) evaluated pellet softening as pretreatment for ultrafiltration (UF) for a surface water with low TOC but very high hardness at the pilot scale. In addition to demonstrating a successful membrane treatment process, this study provides an example of key piloting steps, from identifying project drivers and defining testable research questions to managing a pilot team.