Are your membranes going downhill? Integrating an Ultrafiltration Plant into a Gravity Water Supply System

This paper describes the design and pilot work for the Nanaimo South Fork Water Treatment Plant on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The raw water is very flashy with frequent, short spikes in turbidity, organics, and colour. Submerged membranes minimize hydraulic losses across the plant and secondary membranes are used to treat the backwash water which provides an overall water recovery to 99%. Once in operation, the SFWTP is expected to be the largest water treatment plant in North America utilizing siphon membrane operation

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