Chemistry of Difficult to TreatWaters

Membrane system design is a dynamic process. Systems that were designed 20, 15, even 10 years ago are often quaint by today’s standards. Membrane manufacturers have developed new technologies that allow for higher recovery. Water plants have become more conscious over the years of trying to eek out every drop of water possible. And the industry has spent a lot of time and effort understanding the mechanisms of fouling and scaling and how to avoid them. Every equipment manufacture, membrane manufacturer, and chemistry supplier is being asked to push the limits of recovery to maximize throughput for a given system. As municipal and industrial customers look for ways to reduce water waste, reuse has become a reality. Indirect and direct potable reuse plants are being talked about, and implemented, around the world. As treatment processes become more complex, and system designs get tighter, water chemistry becomes an ever increasing concern. The chemistry of difficult to treat waters can be a limiting factor in membrane system design, and a thorn in the side of the operations staff. This presentation will explore the fouling and scaling of less common chemistry, such as that of secondary and tertiary effluent.

This presentation is available to AMTA Members only.